Iris: The Noble and Symbolic Flower

The iris is an elegant and fascinating flower, admired for its striking petals and deep symbolic meaning. Representing wisdom, hope, and courage, it is often associated with royal dignity. Irises come in a wide range of colours, including blue, purple, yellow, white, and even bi-coloured varieties. Originally from Europe, North America, and Asia, the iris is a popular choice for both gardens and floral arrangements. Its name derives from the Greek word for "rainbow," highlighting its vast colour diversity.

purple iris on a grey background
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COMMON NAME

Iris

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BOTANICAL NAME

Iris spp.

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ORIGIN

Europe, North America, Asia

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PEOPLE ALSO CALL IT

Flag Iris, Sword Lily

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FLOWERING TIME

Spring to early summer (April to June)

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ASPECT

Full sun to partial shade

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SYMBOLISM

Wisdom, hope, courage, faith, royalty

Care Tips for Cut Iris in a Vase

Trim Stems at an Angle: Cut the stems diagonally to enhance water absorption.

Use Fresh Water: Change the water every two days and use flower food to extend the vase life.

Choose a Deep Vase: Iris stems are delicate and require support in a tall vase.

Avoid Direct Sunlight: Place the vase in a cool, shaded area to keep the flowers fresh for longer.

Keep Away from Ethylene-Producing Fruits: Store irises away from ripening fruit, as ethylene gas can shorten their lifespan.

Symbolism & Meaning

The iris carries a rich symbolic history. In many cultures, it represents wisdom, hope, and courage. In France, it is known as the "Fleur-de-Lis", a symbol of royalty and nobility. In Christian tradition, it is often linked to faith and divine protection. The colours of the iris also hold specific meanings—blue irises symbolise trust and wisdom, yellow irises represent friendship and joy, white irises signify purity and hope, while purple irises convey spirituality and admiration.

Types of Iris

There are many different types of irises, each with unique characteristics for gardens and arrangements. Bearded Iris (Iris germanica) is one of the most well-known varieties, featuring velvety, dramatic petals in bold colours. Siberian Iris (Iris sibirica) has slender leaves and delicate, elegant flowers. Japanese Iris (Iris ensata) is renowned for its large, flat blooms, often planted near water features. Dutch Iris (Iris x hollandica) is a popular cut flower with sleek petals and vivid hues. Each variety brings its own distinct beauty and charm to floral displays and landscapes.

Frequently Asked Questions About Iris

 

Bearded iris (Rhizomes): Best planted in late summer to early autumn (July-September), allowing roots to establish before winter.

Bulbous iris (Dutch iris, Reticulata iris, etc.): Should be planted in autumn (September-November), about 4-6 weeks before the first frost.

In mild winter regions, both types can also be planted in early spring, but autumn planting is preferred for stronger blooms.

 

For bearded iris (Rhizomes):

  1. Choose a sunny location – Iris needs at least 6 hours of sunlight per day.
  2. Prepare the soil – Use well-draining soil; sandy or loamy soil is ideal.
  3. Planting depth –
    • Plant rhizomes shallowly, with the top slightly exposed or just below the surface.
    • If buried too deep, they may not bloom.
  4. Spacing – Keep 30-40 cm between plants for airflow and healthy growth.
  5. Watering – Water lightly after planting, then only when needed to avoid rot.

 

For bulbous iris (Dutch iris, Reticulata iris, etc.):

  1. Plant bulbs 8-10 cm deep, with the pointed tip facing upwards.
  2. Space them 10-15 cm apart in well-drained soil.
  3. Mulch lightly in winter in colder climates to protect them.
  4. Water after planting, but avoid overwatering.

 

  • Deadhead spent blooms to prevent seed formation and encourage energy storage for next year.
  • Leave the foliage intact until it turns yellow; the leaves help the plant store nutrients.
  • For bearded iris:
    • Trim the leaves to about 15 cm in late summer to keep the plant tidy.
    • Every 3-5 years, divide overcrowded rhizomes in late summer to maintain vigorous blooming.
  • For bulbous iris:
    • Let the foliage die back naturally.
    • If growing in pots or cold regions, lift bulbs and store them in a cool, dry place until replanting in autumn.

 

Bearded iris: Blooms in late spring to early summer (May-June). Some varieties rebloom in late summer.

Bulbous iris (Dutch iris, Reticulata iris, etc.): Blooms in early to mid-spring (March-May), depending on the variety and climate.

Siberian iris & Japanese iris: Bloom in late spring to early summer (May-July).

 

The scent of iris flowers varies by variety:

  • Bearded iris: Has a fragrance ranging from sweet and floral to grape-like or citrusy.
  • Bulbous iris (Dutch iris): Often has a light, fresh floral scent.
  • Iris pallida (Orris root iris): Has a powdery, violet-like fragrance, often used in perfumes.
  • Siberian iris & Japanese iris: Usually little to no fragrance.

See also